Lesson 03 Matternhorn Man

What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?

Modern alpinist try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal — the top!

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could sometimes with the local priest(who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makes. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

📖 Lesson 03: Matterhorn Man 深度解析

🎯 文章主旨

What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?

答案:到达顶峰(reaching the summit/top)

早期登山者的唯一目标就是登顶,尤其是征服从未有人到达过的山峰。他们寻找最容易的路线,而不是像现代登山者那样追求高难度挑战。


📝 第一段:登山理念的今昔对比

原文分析

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Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which 
will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is,
the more highly it is regarded.

翻译:
现代登山者试图通过能给他们带来良好运动体验的路线攀登山峰,
路线越困难,就越受推崇。

核心观点:现代登山 = 追求挑战

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现代登山者的价值观:
难度 ↑ = 荣誉 ↑
- 选择最难的路线
- 挑战极限
- 证明技术和勇气

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In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

翻译:
然而,在开拓时期,情况完全不是这样。

转折词 “however” 引出对比


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The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top,
because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if
it had never been attained before.

翻译:
早期登山者寻找的是到达顶峰最容易的路线,因为山顶才是他们
追求的奖赏,尤其是如果那座山从未有人登顶过。

早期登山者的价值观:

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目标 = 登顶(首次征服)
手段 = 最容易的路线

比喻:
现代:攀岩比赛(看谁技术好)
早期:探险竞赛(看谁先到)

就像:
现代:马拉松选手追求最快时间
早期:探险家只想到达南极点

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It is true that during their explorations they often faced 
difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature,
equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber
shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their
way to court such excitement.

翻译:
确实,在探险过程中,他们经常面临极其危险的困难和险境,
装备简陋到会让现代登山者想想都发抖,但他们并不是
刻意去追求这种刺激。

关键词解析:

  • perilous /ˈperələs/:极其危险的
  • shudder /ˈʃʌdər/:颤抖、战栗
  • court:追求、招致(court danger = 自找危险)
  • go out of one’s way to do:特意去做、刻意做

理解:

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早期登山者:
✅ 会遇到危险(客观存在)
❌ 不是为了追求危险(主观意愿)

装备对比:
早期:基本绳索、简陋工具
现代:专业冰镐、安全带、氧气瓶等

态度对比:
早期:危险是达成目标的代价
现代:危险本身就是目标的一部分

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They had a single aim, a solitary goal — the top!

翻译:
他们只有一个目标,一个唯一的目标——登顶!

修辞手法:

  • 重复强调:single aim, solitary goal
  • 破折号:加强语气
  • 感叹号:表达决心

solitary /ˈsɑːləteri/:

  • 唯一的、单独的
  • 强调”只有这一个,别无其他”

📝 第二段:早期登山的艰苦条件

原文分析

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It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it 
was for the pioneers.

翻译:
我们现在很难想象当年开拓者们有多么艰难。

写作手法:

  • 引起读者共鸣
  • 为后文铺垫

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Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, 
which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended
to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization
by the high mountains.

翻译:
除了策尔马特和夏蒙尼这一两个迅速变得热门的地方,
阿尔卑斯山区的村庄往往是被高山与文明世界隔绝的
贫困定居点。

地理背景:

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Zermatt(策尔马特):
- 瑞士著名滑雪胜地
- 马特洪峰(Matterhorn)脚下
- 现在:豪华度假村
- 当时:少数几个发展起来的村庄

Chamonix(夏蒙尼):
- 法国阿尔卑斯山区
- 勃朗峰(Mont Blanc,欧洲最高峰)脚下
- 1924年第一届冬奥会举办地

关键词:

  • impoverished /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/:贫困的
  • settlements:定居点
  • cut off from:与…隔绝

理解:

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大部分山村的状况:
❌ 交通不便(高山阻隔)
❌ 经济落后(贫困)
❌ 与外界隔绝(信息闭塞)

只有极少数地方因为登山热而发展起来

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Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; 
the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often
twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.

翻译:
那里仅有的客栈通常又脏又满是跳蚤;食物只是当地奶酪
配上常常已有一年之久的面包,全都用粗劣的葡萄酒冲下去。

语法点:

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Such inns as there were = The inns that existed
(倒装句,强调"仅有的那些客栈")

关键词:

  • flea-ridden:满是跳蚤的

    • flea /fliː/:跳蚤
    • -ridden:充满…的(pest-ridden = 害虫成灾的)
  • accompanied by:配以、伴随

  • wash down:(用饮料)送下、冲下

    • 例:wash down pills with water(用水送服药片)
  • coarse /kɔːrs/:粗糙的、劣质的

生动描写:

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住宿条件:
🏚️ 客栈:脏、跳蚤多
🍞 食物:陈年面包 + 奶酪
🍷 饮料:劣质葡萄酒

画面感:
想象一下,你爬了一天山,累得半死,
结果住的地方满是跳蚤,吃的是硬邦邦的
一年前的面包,喝的是难以下咽的酸酒...

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Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found 
shelter wherever they could — sometimes with the local
priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners),
sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

翻译:
很多山谷甚至连一家客栈都没有,登山者只能随遇而安地
找住处——有时住在当地牧师家里(牧师通常和他的教民
一样穷),有时住在牧羊人或奶酪制作者家里。

关键词:

  • boast:拥有、以…自豪

    • 这里是反讽:连一家客栈都”拥有不了”
  • shelter:庇护所、住处

  • priest /priːst/:牧师

  • parishioners /pəˈrɪʃənərz/:教区居民

  • shepherds /ˈʃepərdz/:牧羊人

社会背景:

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19世纪阿尔卑斯山区:
- 极度贫困
- 连牧师都很穷(通常牧师是村里的知识分子)
- 主要职业:放牧、制作奶酪

登山者的住宿选择:
1. 客栈(如果有的话)
2. 牧师家
3. 牧民家
→ 都很简陋

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Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, 
and very uncomfortable.

翻译:
无一例外,背景都是一样的:肮脏、贫穷,而且非常不舒适。

关键词:

  • invariably /ɪnˈveriəbli/:总是、无一例外地
    • in- (not) + vari- (vary变化) + -ably
    • = 不变地、一成不变地

修辞:

  • 三个并列:dirt, poverty, uncomfortable
  • 递进强调恶劣条件

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For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and 
sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change
to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

翻译:
对于那些在家习惯了吃七道菜的晚餐、睡在精美亚麻床单上的
人来说,到阿尔卑斯山的这种转变一定非常艰难。

关键词:

  • accustomed to:习惯于

    • be/get accustomed to doing
  • seven-course dinner:七道菜的正餐

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    维多利亚时代的正式晚餐:
    1. 开胃菜(Appetizer)
    2. 汤(Soup)
    3. 鱼(Fish)
    4. 主菜(Main course)
    5. 沙拉(Salad)
    6. 甜点(Dessert)
    7. 咖啡/茶(Coffee/Tea)
  • linen /ˈlɪnɪn/:亚麻布

    • fine linen sheets:高档亚麻床单
  • must have been:(对过去的推测)一定是

社会背景:

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早期登山者的身份:
✅ 上流社会
✅ 富裕阶层
✅ 有闲暇时间

生活对比:
在家:
🍽️ 七道菜正餐
🛏️ 高档床单
🏰 舒适豪宅

在山里:
🍞 陈年面包 + 奶酪
🛏️ 跳蚤满床
🏚️ 简陋小屋

→ 巨大的反差!

🎯 文章结构分析

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总体结构:今昔对比

第一段:登山理念的对比
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ 现代:追求难度和挑战 │
│ ↕️ 对比 │
│ 早期:只求登顶(首次征服) │
└─────────────────────────┘

第二段:早期登山的艰苦条件
┌─────────────────────────┐
│ 住宿:脏、跳蚤、简陋 │
│ 饮食:陈年面包、劣质酒 │
│ 环境:贫困、与世隔绝 │
│ 对比:上流社会 vs 山区贫困 │
└─────────────────────────┘

写作手法:
1. 对比(现代 vs 早期)
2. 具体描写(细节丰富)
3. 层层递进(从理念到条件)

📚 重点词汇总结

核心词汇

单词 音标 词性 含义 例句
alpinist /ˈælpɪnɪst/ n. 登山者 Modern alpinists seek challenges.
pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ/ adj. 开拓性的 the pioneering days of mountaineering
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n. 山顶、顶峰 reach the summit
perilous /ˈperələs/ adj. 危险的 perilous journey
shudder /ˈʃʌdər/ v. 颤抖、战栗 shudder at the thought
court /kɔːrt/ v. 追求、招致 court danger/disaster
solitary /ˈsɑːləteri/ adj. 唯一的、孤独的 a solitary goal
impoverished /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/ adj. 贫困的 impoverished villages
inn /ɪn/ n. 小旅馆、客栈 stay at an inn
flea-ridden /ˈfliː rɪdn/ adj. 满是跳蚤的 flea-ridden beds
coarse /kɔːrs/ adj. 粗糙的、粗劣的 coarse wine
boast /boʊst/ v. 拥有、自夸 The valley boasted no inn.
shelter /ˈʃeltər/ n. 庇护所 find shelter
parishioner /pəˈrɪʃənər/ n. 教区居民 poor parishioners
shepherd /ˈʃepərd/ n. 牧羊人 stay with shepherds
linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ n. 亚麻布 fine linen sheets
invariably /ɪnˈveriəbli/ adv. 总是、不变地 invariably the same

重点短语

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1. go out of one's way to do
特意去做、刻意做
例:He went out of his way to help me.

2. cut off from
与...隔绝
例:cut off from civilization

3. wash down
(用饮料)冲下
例:wash down food with beer

4. be accustomed to
习惯于
例:be accustomed to luxury

5. must have been
(对过去的推测)一定是
例:It must have been difficult.

🎓 写作技巧学习

1. 对比手法

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有效的对比结构:
- 现代 vs 过去
- 理想 vs 现实
- 期望 vs 实际

本文:
现代登山者 ↔ 早期登山者
舒适家居 ↔ 艰苦山区

2. 细节描写

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不要泛泛而谈,要具体:
❌ "条件很差"
✅ "客栈又脏又满是跳蚤"
✅ "面包已有一年之久"
✅ "用粗劣的葡萄酒冲下去"

→ 让读者有画面感

3. 层层递进

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从抽象到具体:
1. 登山理念(抽象)
2. 住宿条件(具体)
3. 饮食状况(更具体)
4. 生活对比(强化)

💭 深层思考

历史背景

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为什么早期登山者是上流社会?

1. 时间:
- 登山需要几周甚至几个月
- 只有贵族、富商有闲暇

2. 金钱:
- 雇佣向导、搬运工
- 购买装备
- 旅行费用

3. 教育:
- 探险精神
- 科学兴趣(很多是地质学家、博物学家)

4. 社会地位:
- 征服未知山峰 = 荣誉
- 回国后成为名人

时代变迁

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从早期到现代:

早期(1850-1900):
目标:首次登顶
精神:探险、征服
身份:贵族、富人

现代(1950-至今):
目标:挑战难度
精神:极限运动
身份:专业运动员、爱好者

→ 从"征服自然"到"挑战自我"

✍️ 练习建议

1. 复述练习

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用自己的话概括:
- 早期登山者的目标是什么?
- 他们面临哪些困难?
- 与现代登山者有何不同?

2. 写作练习

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模仿本文结构,写一篇对比文章:
- 早期旅行 vs 现代旅行
- 早期通信 vs 现代通信
- 早期教育 vs 现代教育

3. 词汇应用

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用本课词汇造句:
- pioneering
- perilous
- impoverished
- invariably