Lesson 03 Matternhorn Man
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinist try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal — the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could sometimes with the local priest(who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makes. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.
📖 Lesson 03: Matterhorn Man 深度解析
🎯 文章主旨
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
答案:到达顶峰(reaching the summit/top)
早期登山者的唯一目标就是登顶,尤其是征服从未有人到达过的山峰。他们寻找最容易的路线,而不是像现代登山者那样追求高难度挑战。
📝 第一段:登山理念的今昔对比
原文分析
1 | Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which |
翻译:
现代登山者试图通过能给他们带来良好运动体验的路线攀登山峰,
路线越困难,就越受推崇。
核心观点:现代登山 = 追求挑战
1 | 现代登山者的价值观: |
1 | In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. |
翻译:
然而,在开拓时期,情况完全不是这样。
转折词 “however” 引出对比
1 | The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, |
翻译:
早期登山者寻找的是到达顶峰最容易的路线,因为山顶才是他们
追求的奖赏,尤其是如果那座山从未有人登顶过。
早期登山者的价值观:
1 | 目标 = 登顶(首次征服) |
1 | It is true that during their explorations they often faced |
翻译:
确实,在探险过程中,他们经常面临极其危险的困难和险境,
装备简陋到会让现代登山者想想都发抖,但他们并不是
刻意去追求这种刺激。
关键词解析:
- perilous /ˈperələs/:极其危险的
- shudder /ˈʃʌdər/:颤抖、战栗
- court:追求、招致(court danger = 自找危险)
- go out of one’s way to do:特意去做、刻意做
理解:
1 | 早期登山者: |
1 | They had a single aim, a solitary goal — the top! |
翻译:
他们只有一个目标,一个唯一的目标——登顶!
修辞手法:
- 重复强调:single aim, solitary goal
- 破折号:加强语气
- 感叹号:表达决心
solitary /ˈsɑːləteri/:
- 唯一的、单独的
- 强调”只有这一个,别无其他”
📝 第二段:早期登山的艰苦条件
原文分析
1 | It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it |
翻译:
我们现在很难想象当年开拓者们有多么艰难。
写作手法:
- 引起读者共鸣
- 为后文铺垫
1 | Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, |
翻译:
除了策尔马特和夏蒙尼这一两个迅速变得热门的地方,
阿尔卑斯山区的村庄往往是被高山与文明世界隔绝的
贫困定居点。
地理背景:
1 | Zermatt(策尔马特): |
关键词:
- impoverished /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/:贫困的
- settlements:定居点
- cut off from:与…隔绝
理解:
1 | 大部分山村的状况: |
1 | Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; |
翻译:
那里仅有的客栈通常又脏又满是跳蚤;食物只是当地奶酪
配上常常已有一年之久的面包,全都用粗劣的葡萄酒冲下去。
语法点:
1 | Such inns as there were = The inns that existed |
关键词:
flea-ridden:满是跳蚤的
- flea /fliː/:跳蚤
- -ridden:充满…的(pest-ridden = 害虫成灾的)
accompanied by:配以、伴随
wash down:(用饮料)送下、冲下
- 例:wash down pills with water(用水送服药片)
coarse /kɔːrs/:粗糙的、劣质的
生动描写:
1 | 住宿条件: |
1 | Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found |
翻译:
很多山谷甚至连一家客栈都没有,登山者只能随遇而安地
找住处——有时住在当地牧师家里(牧师通常和他的教民
一样穷),有时住在牧羊人或奶酪制作者家里。
关键词:
boast:拥有、以…自豪
- 这里是反讽:连一家客栈都”拥有不了”
shelter:庇护所、住处
priest /priːst/:牧师
parishioners /pəˈrɪʃənərz/:教区居民
shepherds /ˈʃepərdz/:牧羊人
社会背景:
1 | 19世纪阿尔卑斯山区: |
1 | Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, |
翻译:
无一例外,背景都是一样的:肮脏、贫穷,而且非常不舒适。
关键词:
- invariably /ɪnˈveriəbli/:总是、无一例外地
- in- (not) + vari- (vary变化) + -ably
- = 不变地、一成不变地
修辞:
- 三个并列:dirt, poverty, uncomfortable
- 递进强调恶劣条件
1 | For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and |
翻译:
对于那些在家习惯了吃七道菜的晚餐、睡在精美亚麻床单上的
人来说,到阿尔卑斯山的这种转变一定非常艰难。
关键词:
accustomed to:习惯于
- be/get accustomed to doing
seven-course dinner:七道菜的正餐
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8维多利亚时代的正式晚餐:
1. 开胃菜(Appetizer)
2. 汤(Soup)
3. 鱼(Fish)
4. 主菜(Main course)
5. 沙拉(Salad)
6. 甜点(Dessert)
7. 咖啡/茶(Coffee/Tea)linen /ˈlɪnɪn/:亚麻布
- fine linen sheets:高档亚麻床单
must have been:(对过去的推测)一定是
社会背景:
1 | 早期登山者的身份: |
🎯 文章结构分析
1 | 总体结构:今昔对比 |
📚 重点词汇总结
核心词汇
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| alpinist | /ˈælpɪnɪst/ | n. | 登山者 | Modern alpinists seek challenges. |
| pioneering | /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ/ | adj. | 开拓性的 | the pioneering days of mountaineering |
| summit | /ˈsʌmɪt/ | n. | 山顶、顶峰 | reach the summit |
| perilous | /ˈperələs/ | adj. | 危险的 | perilous journey |
| shudder | /ˈʃʌdər/ | v. | 颤抖、战栗 | shudder at the thought |
| court | /kɔːrt/ | v. | 追求、招致 | court danger/disaster |
| solitary | /ˈsɑːləteri/ | adj. | 唯一的、孤独的 | a solitary goal |
| impoverished | /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/ | adj. | 贫困的 | impoverished villages |
| inn | /ɪn/ | n. | 小旅馆、客栈 | stay at an inn |
| flea-ridden | /ˈfliː rɪdn/ | adj. | 满是跳蚤的 | flea-ridden beds |
| coarse | /kɔːrs/ | adj. | 粗糙的、粗劣的 | coarse wine |
| boast | /boʊst/ | v. | 拥有、自夸 | The valley boasted no inn. |
| shelter | /ˈʃeltər/ | n. | 庇护所 | find shelter |
| parishioner | /pəˈrɪʃənər/ | n. | 教区居民 | poor parishioners |
| shepherd | /ˈʃepərd/ | n. | 牧羊人 | stay with shepherds |
| linen | /ˈlɪnɪn/ | n. | 亚麻布 | fine linen sheets |
| invariably | /ɪnˈveriəbli/ | adv. | 总是、不变地 | invariably the same |
重点短语
1 | 1. go out of one's way to do |
🎓 写作技巧学习
1. 对比手法
1 | 有效的对比结构: |
2. 细节描写
1 | 不要泛泛而谈,要具体: |
3. 层层递进
1 | 从抽象到具体: |
💭 深层思考
历史背景
1 | 为什么早期登山者是上流社会? |
时代变迁
1 | 从早期到现代: |
✍️ 练习建议
1. 复述练习
1 | 用自己的话概括: |
2. 写作练习
1 | 模仿本文结构,写一篇对比文章: |
3. 词汇应用
1 | 用本课词汇造句: |