Lesson 10 Silicon Valley

What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?

Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office—spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. ‘We’re got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes. ‘We really thrive on anarchy.’

And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.


文章结构分析

第一段:技术革新带来的机遇

  • 主题:低成本芯片制造技术降低创业门槛
  • 关键点
    • 工作站技术使芯片设计民主化
    • 成本从高昂降至几百美元
    • 鼓励创新、容忍失败
    • 美国的”车库文化”优势

第二段:亚洲人才的作用

  • 主题:亚裔工程师成为硅谷核心力量
  • 关键点
    • 亚裔占工程团队多数
    • 利用文化和语言优势
    • 连接环太平洋市场
    • 具体案例:Alex Au、N. Damodar Reddy

文化背景

  • Silicon Valley(硅谷):美国科技创新中心
  • Garage start-ups(车库创业):硅谷传奇,如苹果、惠普都起源于车库
  • Pacific Rim(环太平洋地区):指亚太经济圈
  • Memory chip market(内存芯片市场):当时日本占主导地位

这篇文章写于20世纪末,预见了亚裔人才在科技产业中的重要作用,以及全球化对硅谷发展的影响。


逐句翻译与讲解

第一段

原文: Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.

翻译: 技术趋势可能会把硅谷推回到未来。

讲解:

  • push… back to… 推回到…
  • “back to the future” 是个巧妙的说法,意思是回归到早期车库创业的模式,但用的是未来的技术

原文: Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.

翻译: 卡弗·米德,集成电路的先驱、加州理工学院的计算机科学教授,指出现在有些工作站能让工程师在自己的办公桌上设计、测试和生产芯片,就像编辑在苹果电脑上制作通讯稿一样。

讲解:

  • Carver Mead 是主语,中间是同位语(身份介绍)
  • notes = 指出,注意到
  • enable sb to do sth = 使某人能够做某事
  • right on their desks = 就在他们的桌上(right 强调”就在”)
  • much the way = 就像…的方式一样
  • Macintosh = 苹果电脑(Mac)

原文: As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.

翻译: 随着制造芯片的时间和成本降到几天和几百美元,工程师们可能很快就能自由地让想象力翱翔,而不会因昂贵的失败而受到惩罚。

讲解:

  • As… = 随着…(时间状语从句)
  • drop to = 降到
  • be free to do = 自由地做某事
  • let imagination soar = 让想象力翱翔
  • without being penalized by = 不会因…而受罚
  • expensive failures = 昂贵的失败(指失败的代价很高)

原文: Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office—spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.

翻译: 米德预测,发明家们将能够在办公室用一个周末的时间完善强大的定制芯片——催生新一代车库创业公司,并使美国在快速将新产品推向市场方面领先于外国竞争对手。

讲解:

  • predict that… = 预测…
  • be able to perfect = 能够完善
  • customized chips = 定制芯片
  • over a weekend = 在一个周末期间
  • spawning = 催生(现在分词作结果状语)
  • give sb a jump on = 使某人领先于…
  • get products to market = 将产品推向市场

原文: ‘We’ve got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes.

翻译: “我们有更多车库和聪明人,”米德说道。

讲解:

  • We’ve got = We have(口语化表达)
  • garages with smart people = 有聪明人的车库(指车库创业文化)
  • observes = 评论道,说道

原文: ‘We really thrive on anarchy.’

翻译: “我们真的在无序状态中茁壮成长。”

讲解:

  • thrive on = 依靠…而繁荣
  • anarchy = 无政府状态、混乱(这里指自由宽松的创新环境)

第二段

原文: And on Asians.

翻译: 还有(依靠)亚洲人。

讲解:

  • 这是个省略句,完整应为:We also thrive on Asians
  • 承接上文的 “thrive on anarchy”
  • 简短有力,强调亚裔的重要性

原文: Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.

翻译: 东方人和亚裔美国人已经构成了硅谷许多公司工程团队的大多数。

讲解:

  • Already = 已经(强调现状)
  • orientals = 东方人(较老的说法,现在多用 Asians)
  • constitute = 构成
  • the majority of = …的大多数
  • engineering staffs = 工程人员
  • Valley firms = 硅谷公司(Valley 指 Silicon Valley)

原文: And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges.

翻译: 而且中国、韩国、菲律宾和印度的工程师正成群结队地从加州的大学毕业。

讲解:

  • Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian = 中国、韩国、菲律宾和印度(裔)
  • are graduating = 正在毕业(现在进行时表示持续的状态)
  • in droves = 成群结队地、大批地
  • from California’s colleges = 从加州的大学

原文: As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.

翻译: 作为下一代创业公司的领导者,这些亚洲创新者可以利用习俗和语言与至关重要的环太平洋市场建立更紧密的联系。

讲解:

  • As the heads of = 作为…的领导者
  • next-generation start-ups = 下一代创业公司
  • draw on = 利用、凭借
  • customs and languages = 习俗和语言
  • forge links with = 与…建立联系
  • tighter links = 更紧密的联系
  • crucial = 至关重要的
  • Pacific Rim markets = 环太平洋市场

原文: For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph.D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memory-chip market.

翻译: 例如,来自香港的斯坦福博士 Alex Au 在台湾建立了一家工厂,挑战日本对内存芯片市场近乎垄断的地位。

讲解:

  • For instance = 例如
  • a Stanford Ph.D. from Hong Kong = 来自香港的斯坦福博士(同位语)
  • has set up = 已经建立
  • to challenge = 为了挑战(不定式表目的)
  • near lock on = 近乎垄断
  • memory-chip market = 内存芯片市场

原文: India-born N. Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.

翻译: 出生于印度的 N. Damodar Reddy 的加州小公司去年春天在密苏里州的资助下,重新开放了 AT&T 在堪萨斯城的芯片工厂。

讲解:

  • India-born = 出生于印度的(复合形容词)
  • tiny California company = 加州小公司
  • reopened = 重新开放
  • chip plant = 芯片工厂
  • last spring = 去年春天
  • with financing from = 在…的资助下
  • the state of Missouri = 密苏里州

原文: Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.

翻译: 在成为退休村之前,硅谷可能会成为建立全球业务的课堂。

讲解:

  • Before it becomes = 在它成为…之前
  • retirement village = 退休村(暗指硅谷可能衰落)
  • may prove = 可能证明是
  • a classroom for = …的课堂
  • building a global business = 建立全球业务

深层含义: 作者暗示硅谷如果不利用好亚裔人才和全球化机遇,可能会衰落;但如果把握住机会,就能成为全球商业的典范。


核心词汇详解

1. thrive /θraɪv/

  • 词性:动词
  • 含义:茁壮成长、兴旺发达
  • 用法:thrive on sth(依靠某事物而繁荣)
  • 例句
    • “We really thrive on anarchy”(我们真的在无序中茁壮成长)
    • Some people thrive on pressure(有些人在压力下反而干得更好)

2. anarchy /ˈænərki/

  • 词性:名词
  • 含义:无政府状态、混乱、无序
  • 语境理解:这里指硅谷宽松自由、不受束缚的创新环境
  • 相关词:anarchic (adj. 无政府的)

3. circuits /ˈsɜːrkɪts/

  • 词性:名词
  • 含义:电路
  • 短语:integrated circuits(集成电路,IC芯片)
  • 注意:circuit 还有”巡回、环行”的意思

4. soar /sɔːr/

  • 词性:动词
  • 含义:翱翔、高飞;激增
  • 用法
    • let imagination soar(让想象力翱翔)
    • Prices soared(价格飙升)

5. penalized /ˈpiːnəlaɪzd/

  • 词性:动词(过去分词)
  • 含义:惩罚、处罚
  • 用法:be penalized by/for(因…受罚)
  • 例句:without being penalized by expensive failures(不会因昂贵的失败而受罚)

6. spawning /spɔːnɪŋ/

  • 词性:动词(现在分词)
  • 含义:产生、引发、催生
  • 原意:(鱼类)产卵
  • 引申义:大量产生
  • 例句:spawning a new generation of start-ups(催生新一代创业公司)

7. orientals /ˌɔːriˈentlz/

  • 词性:名词
  • 含义:东方人
  • 注意:现代英语中这个词有时被认为带有冒犯性,更推荐使用 “Asians”

8. droves /droʊvz/

  • 词性:名词
  • 含义:群、大批
  • 固定搭配:in droves(成群结队地、大批地)
  • 例句:graduating in droves(成批毕业)

9. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/

  • 词性:形容词
  • 含义:至关重要的、关键的
  • 同义词:critical, vital, essential
  • 例句:crucial Pacific Rim markets(至关重要的环太平洋市场)